Urbanization
Growth in the proportion of a population living in urban areas.
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Demography
Demography is the scientific study of human populations to determine population size, population composition by sex, age, marital status, etc., and to project future trends. It uses statistical information supplied by censuses and vital records supplemented by surveys.
Replacement of generations
Replacement of the generations of childbearing age by the generations being born. The replacement of a generation of mothers is measured by comparing the number of women in a generation with the number of their daughters. Replacement is guaranteed if there are as many daughters as there are mothers. Because of the sex ratio at birth (105 boys for 100 girls) ...
World population
The world population comprises 6.5 billion living human beings (in 2005) and it is increasing steadily. Its size and its characteristics – natality, mortality, age-sex structure – are determined by collating the information supplied by the population censuses of the different countries of the world.
Population growth
A population increase over a given period. It represents the sum of natural increase and of net migration, generally expressed for a year. The size of a population increases when there are more births than deaths (natural increase) and more immigrants than emigrants (net migration). The annual growth rate is the ratio of the variation in population size over the year ...
Migration
Movement of individuals who leave their place of birth or of residence to settle elsewhere. There are two types of migration: international migration (migration between countries) and internal migration (migration within a country).
Natural increase
Natural increase is the difference between the number of live births and deaths, generally calculated over a year. It is positive when the number of births is higher than the number of deaths and negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births.
Census
An operation to count the population of a country. A census is the process of counting every member of a population living in a particular territory at a particular time. All inhabitants fill in a census form and the data is processed to determine the characteristics of the population concerned (sex, age, occupation, housing conditions, place of work or study, etc.). ...
Population policy
All of the measures explicitly or implicitly taken by the authorities aimed at influencing population size, growth, distribution, or composition. A population policy is a set of measures taken by a State to modify the way its population is changing, either by promoting large families or immigration to increase its size, or by encouraging limitation of births to decrease it. A ...
Civil registration
System of registration of births, deaths and marriages. Records of events in an individual’s life are known as vital records. Events which modify an individual’s vital records (adoption, name change) are recorded in the register of births, along with events which create obligations with respect to others: marriage, divorce, birth, legitimation or recognition of children. Civil registration guarantees the recognition ...